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transition from a linear to a circular economy is an integral aspect of transforming the EU into a sustainable, climate-neutral society. Through the circular concept of reduce-recover-recycle-reuse, a number of ... With exceptional porosity and a chemical versatility that enables their properties to be tuned to meet the requirements of a wide range ...

in surface pressure at a given area on the trough is generally assumed to be caused by the presence of a small amount of the drug at the surface,” explains Dr Richard Campbell, a Senior Lecturer in the ... technique. However, a simpler model than real cells is required for such studies. Lipids are the primary component of cell membranes, and lipid ...

known as a spin liquid – by analogy with a liquid such as water in which the molecules move around randomly yet interact with near neighbours in a way that affects water’s overall properties. In a spin liquid ... quantum computing, tends to be rather fragile. However, a spin liquid could provide a form of entanglement robust to external ...

process has been a longstanding challenge. Fortunately, neutron diffraction provides valuable insights. As in X-ray diffraction, neutrons are reflected from a crystal structure to give a characteristic ... some of the highest quality cotton shirts or blouses have a soft silky sheen while also being hardwearing. This is because the cotton has ...

pressure inside the foam. Generally, a thin-film pressure balance is used to measure pressure on a single film and despite a similar foam preparation method, a difference of a factor of 10 has been observed ... sequentially, with each technique probing a different foam sample. The results obtained, however, are incomparable due to the unique nature ...

experiment, in which a particle is shot at a double slit in a wave-like manner, passes through both slits simultaneously as a wave and then superimposes on itself, so that afterwards a characteristic wave ... neutron interferometer from a silicon crystal and was able to observe the first interference of neutrons at the Vienna TRIGA reactor. A few ...

alone. A complete hydrogen-bond network could be observed between the protein and its ligand. A low-barrier hydrogen bond was also identified ‑ a special type of strong hydrogen bond which plays a role in ... Nature Communications. Antibiotic resistance is a rapidly increasing global threat to human health. The World Health Organization has ...

proteins, KaiA, KaiB, and KaiC assemble to form the KaiABC complex. Cryogenic electron microscopy studies can identify most of the structure of this complex, but the KaiA protomers seem to be a bit too shy ... large fluctuations in the KaiA N-terminal domains, their preferential positionings mask the hydrophobic surface of the KaiA C-terminal ...

graphite. Typically, diffusion, the speed of a particle’s movement on a surface, is a thermally activated process. The higher the temperature, the faster a particle is able to move. At lower temperatures ... movement of a liquid, and there was very little change in its diffusion rate from high to low temperatures, compared to the sample and other ...

mechanical workshop with a wire spark erosion machine. Anode wires are inserted along the centre of the cathode trenches with a precision of 50 micrometres, using a metrology system based on a numerical microscope ... anode wires are run through the cathode trenches at a pitch of 2.5 mm using ceramic combs (right) In order to dispose of a spare ...